{"id":7491,"date":"2025-07-29T15:17:26","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T15:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/?p=7491"},"modified":"2025-07-29T15:18:38","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T15:18:38","slug":"sante-mondiale-en-recul-lonu-alerte-sur-des-inegalites-criantes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/index.php\/actualite\/sante-mondiale-en-recul-lonu-alerte-sur-des-inegalites-criantes\/","title":{"rendered":"Sant\u00e9 mondiale en recul : l\u2019ONU alerte sur des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s criantes"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>6 Minute, 0 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

Malgr\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es notables depuis le d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle, une nouvelle \u00e9valuation de l\u2019ONU indique que l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la sant\u00e9 mondiale marque le pas. \u00c0 cinq ans de l\u2019\u00e9ch\u00e9ance de l\u2019Agenda 2030 \u2013 ce plan d\u2019action adopt\u00e9 en 2015 pour garantir un d\u00e9veloppement durable \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle plan\u00e9taire \u2013, la sant\u00e9 des populations mondiales progresse \u00e0 pas de fourmi.<\/p>\n

L\u2019objectif de d\u00e9veloppement durable (ODD) num\u00e9ro 3, d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 et au bien-\u00eatre, pr\u00e9voit notamment d\u2019ici 2030 de r\u00e9duire la mortalit\u00e9 maternelle et infantile, de mettre fin aux grandes pand\u00e9mies, de renforcer les syst\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9, d\u2019\u00e9largir l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins et de promouvoir la sant\u00e9 mentale.<\/p>\n

Or, selon un rapport annuel de progression publi\u00e9 cette semaine,\u00a0un tiers seulement des cibles de l\u2019ODD 3 sont en bonne voie ou progressent mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment<\/strong>. Le reste \u00e9volue de mani\u00e8re marginale, voire stagne.<\/p>\n

Alors que le\u00a0forum politique de haut niveau sur le d\u00e9veloppement durable<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 une instance annuelle de suivi de l\u2019Agenda 2030<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 se r\u00e9unit du 14 au 23 juillet au si\u00e8ge de l\u2019ONU \u00e0 New York, les repr\u00e9sentants des \u00c9tats membres accusent le coup du bilan contrast\u00e9 des progr\u00e8s accomplis en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 mondiale.<\/p>\n

Un net coup de frein apr\u00e8s vingt ans de progr\u00e8s<\/h2>\n

Entre 2000 et 2019, les indicateurs \u00e9taient encourageants : la mortalit\u00e9 maternelle et infantile avait chut\u00e9, le taux d\u2019incidence du VIH baiss\u00e9, et l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie en bonne sant\u00e9 s\u2019\u00e9tait allong\u00e9e de cinq ans. Mais\u00a0la pand\u00e9mie de\u00a0coronavirus<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0>COVID-19 a invers\u00e9 certaines de ces avanc\u00e9es, r\u00e9duisant l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie mondiale de 1,8 an<\/strong>, et perturbant l\u2019ensemble des efforts engag\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Les maladies infectieuses et non transmissibles restent les deux grandes menaces. La\u00a0tuberculose est redevenue en 2023\u00a0la premi\u00e8re cause de d\u00e9c\u00e8s li\u00e9e \u00e0 un agent infectieux<\/strong>, devant la COVID-19, tandis que les maladies non transmissibles \u2013 cancers, diab\u00e8te, maladies cardiovasculaires \u2013 continuent de tuer\u00a0plus de la moiti\u00e9 des personnes de moins de 70 ans dans le monde<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Mortalit\u00e9 maternelle et infantile : le progr\u00e8s patine<\/h2>\n

Le taux de mortalit\u00e9 maternelle mondial a recul\u00e9 de 228 \u00e0 197 d\u00e9c\u00e8s pour 100.000 naissances entre 2015 et 2023. Mais cela reste pr\u00e8s de\u00a0trois fois sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la cible fix\u00e9e\u00a0<\/strong>par les Nations Unies. Pour esp\u00e9rer l\u2019atteindre d\u2019ici 2030, il faudrait une r\u00e9duction annuelle de 14,8 % \u2013 un rythme tr\u00e8s \u00e9loign\u00e9 des tendances actuelles. L\u2019Afrique subsaharienne et l\u2019Asie du Sud concentrent\u00a087 % des d\u00e9c\u00e8s maternels<\/strong>, et peu de progr\u00e8s y ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s depuis 2015.<\/p>\n

M\u00eame constat du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la\u00a0mortalit\u00e9 infantile<\/strong>\u00a0: bien que le taux des d\u00e9c\u00e8s des moins de 5 ans ait chut\u00e9 \u00e0 37 pour 1.000 naissances vivantes,\u00a0le rythme des progr\u00e8s ralentit fortement<\/strong>. L\u2019\u00e9cart entre pays riches et pauvres demeure abyssal : un enfant n\u00e9 en Afrique subsaharienne a dix-huit fois plus de risques de mourir avant son cinqui\u00e8me anniversaire qu\u2019un enfant n\u00e9 en Australie ou en Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande.<\/p>\n

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VIH, tuberculose, paludisme : des r\u00e9sultats fragiles<\/h2>\n

Les efforts contre le VIH\/sida ont permis de\u00a0diviser par deux les d\u00e9c\u00e8s li\u00e9s \u00e0 la maladie depuis 2010<\/strong>. Mais\u00a09,3 millions de personnes<\/strong>\u00a0n\u2019avaient toujours pas acc\u00e8s aux traitements vitaux en 2023, dont une majorit\u00e9 en Afrique. Et les financements chutent :\u00a0la suspension de l\u2019aide am\u00e9ricaine en janvier 2025 menace directement l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux traitements dans 55 pays<\/strong>, principalement africains.<\/p>\n

La\u00a0tuberculose<\/strong>, elle, continue de frapper : 10,8 millions de cas en 2023, majoritairement dans 30 pays \u00e0 forte charge. Si les d\u00e9c\u00e8s sont repass\u00e9s sous le seuil d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie (1,25 million), la baisse de l\u2019incidence reste insuffisante pour atteindre l\u2019objectif mondial d\u2019ici 2030.<\/p>\n

Le\u00a0paludisme<\/strong>\u00a0gagne du terrain : 263 millions de cas estim\u00e9s en 2023 contre 226 millions en 2015. En cause : des lacunes persistantes dans la pr\u00e9vention.\u00a0Plus de 40 % des femmes enceintes et des enfants de moins de cinq ans en Afrique subsaharienne<\/strong>\u00a0n\u2019ont pas acc\u00e8s aux moustiquaires impr\u00e9gn\u00e9es, pourtant essentielles.<\/p>\n

Les maladies non transmissibles en t\u00eate des d\u00e9c\u00e8s pr\u00e9matur\u00e9s<\/h2>\n

En 2021, 18 millions de personnes de moins de 70 ans sont mortes de\u00a0maladies non transmissible<\/strong>s. Si le risque de d\u00e9c\u00e8s pr\u00e9matur\u00e9 avait diminu\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 2000, les progr\u00e8s ont stagn\u00e9 depuis 2020. \u00c0 ce rythme, l\u2019objectif onusien d\u2019une r\u00e9duction d\u2019un tiers d\u2019ici 2030\u00a0ne sera pas atteint<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

La consommation de\u00a0tabac<\/strong>, bien que globalement en baisse (\u2013118 millions de fumeurs depuis 2005), reste pr\u00e9occupante. Environnementalement, les m\u00e9gots repr\u00e9sentent\u00a0la deuxi\u00e8me source mondiale de pollution plastique<\/strong>, et la culture du tabac contribue \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation et aux \u00e9missions de CO\u2082. C\u00f4t\u00e9\u00a0alcool<\/strong>, la consommation moyenne a diminu\u00e9, mais les effets sanitaires restent consid\u00e9rables, notamment en Afrique et en Europe.<\/p>\n

Sant\u00e9 mentale : les taux de suicide reculent, mais des r\u00e9gions inqui\u00e8tent<\/h2>\n

Le nombre de suicides dans le monde est pass\u00e9 de 12,5 \u00e0 9,2 pour 100.000 habitants entre 2000 et 2021. Mais certaines r\u00e9gions connaissent une\u00a0hausse inqui\u00e9tante<\/strong>, notamment l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord (+33 %) et l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine (+25 %). Les personnes vivant dans des pays \u00e0 revenus faibles ou interm\u00e9diaires repr\u00e9sentent\u00a073 % des d\u00e9c\u00e8s par suicide<\/strong>. L\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS<\/a>) appelle \u00e0 un sursaut politique, en s\u2019appuyant sur des campagnes de pr\u00e9vention cibl\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Contraception, natalit\u00e9 adolescente et vaccination : progr\u00e8s in\u00e9gaux<\/h2>\n

La proportion de femmes dont les besoins en contraception sont couverts par des m\u00e9thodes modernes atteint d\u00e9sormais\u00a077,2 % \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale<\/strong>, avec des progr\u00e8s notables en Afrique subsaharienne. La natalit\u00e9 chez les adolescentes a \u00e9galement recul\u00e9, passant de 13,9 \u00e0 12,4 millions de naissances par an entre 2015 et 2024.<\/p>\n

Mais les\u00a0programmes de vaccination infantile restent affect\u00e9s par la pand\u00e9mie<\/strong>. La couverture pour le vaccin DTC3 stagne \u00e0 84 %, en de\u00e7\u00e0 des niveaux d\u2019avant 2020. La couverture vaccinale contre le papillomavirus, pourtant cruciale pour pr\u00e9venir le cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus, reste tr\u00e8s faible. Les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de rougeole, elles,\u00a0se multiplient dans de nombreux pays<\/strong>, faute d\u2019une couverture suffisante.<\/p>\n

Un financement en baisse, une main-d\u2019\u0153uvre toujours insuffisante<\/h2>\n

L\u2019aide publique au d\u00e9veloppement consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 a chut\u00e9 de 39 % entre 2022 et 2023, passant de 22,1 \u00e0\u00a013,4 milliards de dollars<\/strong>. Les pays les moins avanc\u00e9s ont re\u00e7u 5,5 milliards, soit 40 % de l\u2019enveloppe totale, en baisse de 20 %. Parall\u00e8lement, le monde compte d\u00e9sormais plus de\u00a070 millions de professionnels de sant\u00e9<\/strong>, mais la p\u00e9nurie reste aigu\u00eb :\u00a014,7 millions de postes manquent \u00e0 l\u2019appel<\/strong>, surtout en Afrique.<\/p>\n

Cinq ans pour redresser la trajectoire<\/h2>\n

Ce tableau en demi-teinte met en lumi\u00e8re les fractures persistantes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 mondiale. Alors que l\u2019Agenda 2030 entre dans sa derni\u00e8re phase, les Nations Unies appellent \u00e0 des\u00a0investissements audacieux<\/strong>, une action fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 et un renforcement massif des soins primaires.<\/p>\n

Sans acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration forte des efforts<\/strong>, 30 millions d\u2019enfants pourraient mourir avant leur cinqui\u00e8me anniversaire d\u2019ici 2030. Et des millions d\u2019autres \u2013 femmes, adolescents, personnes vivant avec le VIH ou expos\u00e9es aux maladies chroniques \u2013 resteront en marge des soins essentiels. Le monde a cinq ans pour inverser la tendance.<\/p>\n

Source : NATIONS Info<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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