{"id":5809,"date":"2024-09-09T08:22:33","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T08:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/?p=5809"},"modified":"2024-09-09T08:22:33","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T08:22:33","slug":"les-donnees-montrent-une-augmentation-marquee-des-deces-annuels-dus-au-cholera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/index.php\/actualite\/les-donnees-montrent-une-augmentation-marquee-des-deces-annuels-dus-au-cholera\/","title":{"rendered":"Les donn\u00e9es montrent une augmentation marqu\u00e9e des d\u00e9c\u00e8s annuels dus au chol\u00e9ra"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>3 Minute, 44 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

L\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS) a publi\u00e9 des statistiques mondiales sur le chol\u00e9ra pour 2023, montrant une augmentation des cas et des d\u00e9c\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le nombre de cas de chol\u00e9ra signal\u00e9s a augment\u00e9 de 13 % et les d\u00e9c\u00e8s de 71 % en 2023 par rapport \u00e0 2022. Plus de 4 000 personnes sont mortes l’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re d’une maladie \u00e9vitable et facilement traitable.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Quarante-cinq pays ont signal\u00e9 des cas, soit une augmentation par rapport aux 44 de l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et aux 35 de 2021. Trente-huit pour cent des cas signal\u00e9s concernaient des enfants de moins de cinq ans.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le chol\u00e9ra est une infection intestinale aigu\u00eb transmise par l\u2019eau et les aliments contamin\u00e9s. Les communaut\u00e9s ayant un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019assainissement sont les plus touch\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les conflits, le changement climatique, l\u2019insuffisance de l\u2019eau potable et de l\u2019assainissement, la pauvret\u00e9, le sous-d\u00e9veloppement et les d\u00e9placements de population dus aux conflits \u00e9mergents ou r\u00e9-\u00e9mergents et aux catastrophes naturelles sont autant de facteurs qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de chol\u00e9ra l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La r\u00e9partition g\u00e9ographique du chol\u00e9ra a consid\u00e9rablement chang\u00e9 entre 2022 et 2023, avec une diminution de 32 % des cas signal\u00e9s au Moyen-Orient et en Asie, et une augmentation de 125 % en Afrique. De nombreux pays africains ont signal\u00e9 une forte proportion de d\u00e9c\u00e8s communautaires, ce qui indique des lacunes dans l’acc\u00e8s au traitement.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C’est la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e que plusieurs pays signalent des d\u00e9c\u00e8s dus au chol\u00e9ra survenus en dehors des \u00e9tablissements de sant\u00e9, appel\u00e9s \u00ab d\u00e9c\u00e8s communautaires \u00bb. Dans cinq des 13 pays ayant fait rapport, plus d’un tiers des d\u00e9c\u00e8s dus au chol\u00e9ra sont survenus dans la communaut\u00e9, ce qui met en \u00e9vidence de graves lacunes dans l’acc\u00e8s au traitement et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer ce domaine de r\u00e9ponse.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u2019Afghanistan, la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, le Malawi et la Somalie ont continu\u00e9 de signaler d\u2019importantes \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de plus de 10 000 cas suspects ou confirm\u00e9s, l\u2019\u00c9thiopie, Ha\u00efti, le Mozambique et le Zimbabwe s\u2019ajoutant au bilan en 2023.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9liminaires montrent que la crise mondiale du chol\u00e9ra se poursuivra en 2024, 22 pays signalant actuellement des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies actives. Bien que le nombre de cas signal\u00e9s jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent en 2024 soit inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui de la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode l’ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, 342 800 cas et 2 400 d\u00e9c\u00e8s ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s \u00e0 l’OMS sur tous les continents au 22 ao\u00fbt.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La demande croissante de mat\u00e9riels de lutte contre le chol\u00e9ra, tels que les vaccins oraux contre le chol\u00e9ra (VOC), les tests de diagnostic et les m\u00e9dicaments essentiels comme les sels de r\u00e9hydratation orale et les liquides intraveineux pour la r\u00e9hydratation, persiste en 2023, ce qui constitue un d\u00e9fi pour les efforts de lutte contre la maladie \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle mondiale. Depuis octobre 2022, le Groupe international de coordination (GIC), qui g\u00e8re les approvisionnements en vaccins d’urgence, a suspendu le sch\u00e9ma de vaccination standard \u00e0 deux doses dans les campagnes de r\u00e9ponse aux \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de chol\u00e9ra, adoptant \u00e0 la place une approche \u00e0 dose unique afin d’atteindre et de prot\u00e9ger davantage de personnes compte tenu des approvisionnements limit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 le faible stock de vaccin antichol\u00e9rique oral, un nombre record de 35 millions de doses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exp\u00e9di\u00e9es l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie de la dose unique. Si la vaccination est un outil important, l\u2019eau potable, l\u2019assainissement et l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne restent les seules solutions durables \u00e0 long terme pour mettre fin aux \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de chol\u00e9ra et pr\u00e9venir de nouvelles \u00e9pid\u00e9mies.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u2019OMS consid\u00e8re que le risque mondial actuel de chol\u00e9ra est tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 et r\u00e9agit de toute urgence pour r\u00e9duire le nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s et contenir les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies dans les pays du monde entier. L\u2019OMS continue de soutenir les pays en renfor\u00e7ant la surveillance de la sant\u00e9 publique, la gestion des cas et les mesures de pr\u00e9vention, en fournissant des fournitures m\u00e9dicales essentielles, en coordonnant les d\u00e9ploiements sur le terrain avec les partenaires et en soutenant la communication sur les risques et l\u2019engagement communautaire.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Depuis 2022, 18 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9bloqu\u00e9s par le Fonds de r\u00e9serve de l\u2019OMS pour les situations d\u2019urgence pour la lutte contre le chol\u00e9ra. L\u2019OMS a lanc\u00e9 un appel de fonds de 50 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains pour r\u00e9pondre aux \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de chol\u00e9ra en 2024, mais ce besoin n\u2019est toujours pas satisfait.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Organisation Mondiale de la Sant\u00e9<\/p>\n

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