{"id":4297,"date":"2023-03-20T07:20:42","date_gmt":"2023-03-20T07:20:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/?p=4297"},"modified":"2023-03-20T07:22:19","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T07:22:19","slug":"dossier-sante-les-affections-bucco-dentaires","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/index.php\/actualite\/dossier-sante-les-affections-bucco-dentaires\/","title":{"rendered":"Dossier Sant\u00e9 : Les affections bucco-dentaires"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>2 Minute, 42 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n

L’Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS) d\u00e9finit la sant\u00e9 buccodentaire comme l’absence de douleur buccale ou faciale, de cancer buccal ou pharyng\u00e9, d’infection ou de l\u00e9sion buccale, de parodontopathie (affection touchant les gencives), de d\u00e9chaussement et perte de dents, et d’autres maladies et troubles.

Selon la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration dentaire internationale (FDI), le concept de sant\u00e9 buccodentaire comporte de multiples facettes, dont la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 parler, sourire, sentir, go\u00fbter, toucher, m\u00e2cher, d\u00e9glutir et exprimer des \u00e9motions par les expressions du visage avec confiance, sans douleur et sans g\u00eane, ainsi que les maladies du complexe craniofacial.

Les affections bucco-dentaires sont en grande partie \u00e9vitables et peuvent \u00eatre trait\u00e9es totalement si elles sont d\u00e9couvertes\u00e0 un stade pr\u00e9coce. En Afrique, les affections bucco-dentaire sont principalement represent\u00e9es par les caries dentaires, les maladies parodontales,\u00a0 et plus rarement le cancer de la bouche.

Les affections bucco-dentaires qui posent dans notre contexte un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 publique sont les caries dentaires, le noma (infection gangr\u00e9neuse s\u00e9v\u00e8re commen\u00e7ant dans la bouche et qui frappe surtout l\u2019enfant) , les traumatismes de la sph\u00e8re bucco-dentaire, et les fentes labio-palatines.

Chiffres

En 2022,\u00a0 le\u00a0Rapport de situation de l\u2019OMS sur la sant\u00e9 bucco-dentaire dans le monde\u00a0rapportait que ces affections touchent pr\u00e8s de 3,5 milliards de personnes dans le monde.
2 milliards de personnes souffrent de caries des dents d\u00e9finitives et 514 millions d\u2019enfants de caries des dents de lait.\u00a0


Causes de l’augmentation des affections bucco-dentaires en Afrique

De nombreux facteurs expliquent ces tendances : l\u2019urbanisation et l\u2019\u00e9volution des conditions de vie,\u00a0 l’exposition inad\u00e9quate au fluorure (dans l\u2019eau potable et les produits d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne bucco-dentaire comme le dentifrice), la disponibilit\u00e9 et l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re d\u2019aliments \u00e0 forte teneur en sucre et des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services de soins bucco-dentaires communautaires. La commercialisation d\u2019aliments et de boissons pr\u00e9sentant une forte teneur en sucre, ainsi que du tabac et de l\u2019alcool,\u00a0 contribuent \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019apparition d\u2019affections bucco-dentaires.


Facteurs de risque

La plupart des maladies et affections bucco-dentaires pr\u00e9sentent les m\u00eames facteurs de risque modifiables (tabagisme, consommation d\u2019alcool et mauvaise alimentation riche en sucres libres) que les quatre grandes cat\u00e9gories de MNT (maladies cardiovasculaires, cancer, affections respiratoires chroniques et diab\u00e8te).
Par ailleurs, il existe un lien de causalit\u00e9 entre une forte consommation de sucres et le diab\u00e8te, l\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, la parodontite et la carie dentaire


Pr\u00e9vention

La pr\u00e9vention est un moyen efficace pour r\u00e9duire la charge des affections bucco-dentaires par des interventions de sant\u00e9 publique dirig\u00e9es contre leurs facteurs de risque communs.

Ces interventions sont les suivantes :

\u2022 promouvoir une alimentation \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e pauvre en sucres libres et riche en fruits et l\u00e9gumes, avec l\u2019eau comme boisson principale,

\u2022 stopper la consommation de tabac sous toutes ses formes,

\u2022 r\u00e9duire la consommation d\u2019alcool,

\u2022 encourager le port d\u2019\u00e9quipements de protection lors d\u2019activit\u00e9s sportives et de d\u00e9placements \u00e0 v\u00e9lo et \u00e0 moto (de sorte \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le risque de traumatismes de la face).

Une exposition ad\u00e9quate au fluorure est un facteur essentiel dans la pr\u00e9vention des caries dentaires.

Le brossage des dents deux fois par jour avec un dentifrice contenant du fluorure (entre 1000 et 1500 ppm) doit \u00eatre encourag\u00e9.

Afiya
Source : OMS <\/p>\n

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L’Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS) d\u00e9finit la sant\u00e9 buccodentaire comme l’absence de douleur buccale…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4296,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,13,22],"tags":[1071,31,60,1045,1136,57,62],"class_list":["post-4297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite","category-dossier","category-focus","tag-actumed","tag-afrique","tag-afrique-sante","tag-children-health","tag-sante-bucco-dentaire","tag-sante-de-la-femme","tag-sante-en-afrique"],"yoast_head":"\nDossier Sant\u00e9 : Les affections bucco-dentaires -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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