{"id":3924,"date":"2023-01-19T07:52:06","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T07:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/?p=3924"},"modified":"2023-01-19T07:52:17","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T07:52:17","slug":"le-diabete-chiffres-signes-diagnostic-et-traitement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/index.php\/dossier\/le-diabete-chiffres-signes-diagnostic-et-traitement\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Diab\u00e8te : chiffres, signes, diagnostic et traitement."},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>2 Minute, 1 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n

On estime que 537 millions d’adultes \u00e2g\u00e9s de 20 \u00e0 79 ans vivent actuellement avec
un diab\u00e8te. Cela repr\u00e9sente 10,5% de la population mondiale dans ce groupe d’\u00e2ge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Le nombre total devrait atteindre 643 millions (11,3 %) d’ici 2030 et 783 millions (12,2%) d’ici 2045. En 2021, le diab\u00e8te a affect\u00e9 plus de 537 millions de personnes dans le monde : soit 1 personne sur 10\u00a0(source : Atlas 2021 de la International Diabetes Federation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le diab\u00e8te sucr\u00e9 est une maladie m\u00e9tabolique fr\u00e9quente chez les personnes de plus de 45 ans caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par un \u00e9tat d\u2019hyperglyc\u00e9mie chronique qui r\u00e9sulte de facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques et exog\u00e8nes agissant conjointement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ce qui concerne les facteurs exog\u00e8nes on peu citer : l\u2019hypertension art\u00e9rielle, l\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, la s\u00e9dentarit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e2ge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Signes cliniques
Il existe des signes cardinaux qui oriente vers le diagnostic du diab\u00e8te : ce sont  la polyurie, la polyphagie, la polydipsie et l\u2019amaigrissement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examen paraclinique
Le Dosage de la glyc\u00e9mie est l’examen de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour le diagnostic du diab\u00e8te.
Glyc\u00e9mie normale 1,1g\/L ou 6,05mmol\/L<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On parle de diab\u00e8te quand :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 la glyc\u00e9mie, \u00e0 n’importe quel moment de la journ\u00e9e, est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 2 g\/l en pr\u00e9sence de sympt\u00f4mes ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 la glyc\u00e9mie \u00e0 jeun est sup\u00e9rieure ou \u00e9gale \u00e0 1,26 g\/l, contr\u00f4l\u00e9e \u00e0 deux reprises .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le diagnostic est pos\u00e9, il est important de r\u00e9aliser un bilan initial pour le suivi m\u00e9dical du patient:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 un bilan sanguin : dosage de l\u2019HbA1c, bilan lipidique, bilan de la fonction r\u00e9nale ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 un bilan urinaire \u00e0 la recherche d\u2019une atteinte r\u00e9nale ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 une consultation ophtalmologique.
\u2022 Etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Pr\u00e9vention du diab\u00e8te passe par :
Sensibilisation de la population
Activit\u00e9 physique r\u00e9guli\u00e8re ( 3 fois pr semaine pendant 30mn au moins)
Hygi\u00e8ne alimentaire ( alimentation saine et \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e, \u00e9viction du sucre et des boissons sucr\u00e9es ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Traitement du diab\u00e8te pass\u00e9 par plusieurs protocoles associant un r\u00e9gime alimentaire,  une meilleure hygi\u00e8ne de vie et des mol\u00e9cules. Ces protocoles diff\u00e8rent d’un patient \u00e0 un autre et du type de diab\u00e8te et doit \u00eatre amend\u00e9 par un diab\u00e9tologue. Comme mol\u00e9cules nous pouvons avoir :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Insuline
Insuline rapide
Insuline interm\u00e9diaire ou semi-lents
Analogues lents<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antidiab\u00e9tiques oraux :
Les sulfamides hypoglyc\u00e9miants
MA stimulent la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion de l\u2019insuline<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biguanides
MA : R\u00e9duction de l\u00b4insulinor\u00e9sistance en potentialisant l\u2019action de l\u2019insuline au niveau musculaire et h\u00e9patique<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inhibiteurs des alpha glucosidases
MA : inhibent l\u2019hydrolyse des disaccharides en monosaccharides<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glinides
MA : stimulent l\u2019insulinosecr\u00e9tion ind\u00e9pendamment du glucose<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr Yves SANKARA<\/p>\n

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On estime que 537 millions d’adultes \u00e2g\u00e9s de 20 \u00e0 79 ans vivent actuellement avecun…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3923,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,13,22,150,16,1021,137],"tags":[31,60,728,692,974,61,185,1015,167,173],"class_list":["post-3924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bibliotheque","category-dossier","category-focus","category-maladies","category-ressources","category-sante-pour-tous","category-science","tag-afrique","tag-afrique-sante","tag-diabete","tag-diabete-de-type-2","tag-diabetes-non-diagnostiques","tag-journal-de-la-sante","tag-magazine-africain-de-la-sante","tag-magazine-de-sante","tag-medecins","tag-medecins-en-afrique"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Diab\u00e8te : chiffres, signes, diagnostic et traitement. 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