{"id":3650,"date":"2022-10-25T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-25T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/?p=3650"},"modified":"2022-11-01T22:21:04","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T22:21:04","slug":"loms-publie-la-toute-premiere-liste-de-champignons-dangereux-pour-la-sante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/index.php\/actualite\/loms-publie-la-toute-premiere-liste-de-champignons-dangereux-pour-la-sante\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019OMS publie la toute premi\u00e8re liste de champignons dangereux pour la sant\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>4 Minute, 45 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

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25 Octobre<\/p>\n

L\u2019OMS a publi\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui un rapport pr\u00e9sentant la toute premi\u00e8re liste d\u2019agents pathog\u00e8nes fongiques prioritaires\u00a0: un catalogue des 19 champignons qui repr\u00e9sentent la plus grande menace pour la sant\u00e9 publique. La\u00a0liste des agents pathog\u00e8nes fongiques prioritaires de l\u2019OMS<\/a>\u00a0est la premi\u00e8re initiative mondiale visant \u00e0 op\u00e9rer un classement syst\u00e9matique par ordre de priorit\u00e9 des agents pathog\u00e8nes fongiques, compte tenu des besoins non satisfaits en mati\u00e8re de recherche et d\u00e9veloppement et de l\u2019importance per\u00e7ue pour la sant\u00e9 publique. Cette liste a pour but d\u2019orienter et de stimuler la recherche et les interventions politiques afin de renforcer la riposte mondiale aux infections fongiques et \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance aux antifongiques.<\/p>\n

Les agents pathog\u00e8nes fongiques constituent une menace majeure pour la sant\u00e9 publique, car ils deviennent de plus en plus courants et r\u00e9sistants aux traitements, avec seulement quatre classes de m\u00e9dicaments antifongiques actuellement disponibles et peu de candidats en cours de d\u00e9veloppement clinique. Pour la plupart des agents pathog\u00e8nes fongiques, on ne dispose pas d\u2019outils de diagnostic rapides et sensibles, et ceux qui existent ne sont pas facilement disponibles ou abordables au niveau mondial.<\/p>\n

Les formes invasives des infections fongiques touchent souvent des personnes gravement malades et celles qui pr\u00e9sentent de graves pathologies sous-jacentes li\u00e9es au syst\u00e8me immunitaire. Les personnes les plus expos\u00e9es aux infections fongiques invasives sont celles qui ont un cancer, le VIH\/SIDA, une greffe d\u2019organe, une maladie respiratoire chronique ou une tuberculose post-primaire.<\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s de nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments, l\u2019incidence et la port\u00e9e g\u00e9ographique des maladies fongiques s\u2019\u00e9tendent dans le monde entier sous l\u2019effet du r\u00e9chauffement climatique et de l\u2019augmentation des voyages et des \u00e9changes internationaux. Pendant la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19, l\u2019incidence rapport\u00e9e des infections fongiques invasives s\u2019est accrue de mani\u00e8re significative chez les patients hospitalis\u00e9s. Les champignons \u00e0 l\u2019origine des infections courantes (comme les mycoses \u00e0\u00a0Candida<\/em>\u00a0orales ou vaginales) devenant de plus en plus r\u00e9sistants aux traitements, les risques d\u2019apparition de formes d\u2019infections plus invasives dans la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale augmentent \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Sortant de l\u2019ombre de la pand\u00e9mie de r\u00e9sistance bact\u00e9rienne aux antimicrobiens, les infections fongiques se d\u00e9veloppent et sont de plus en plus r\u00e9sistantes aux traitements, devenant ainsi un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 publique dans le monde entier\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, d\u00e9clare la Dre<\/sup>\u00a0Hanan Balkhy, Sous-Directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019OMS charg\u00e9e de la r\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces inqui\u00e9tudes grandissantes, les infections fongiques ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient que de tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019attention et de ressources, d\u2019o\u00f9 la raret\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es de qualit\u00e9 sur la distribution des maladies fongiques et les sch\u00e9mas de r\u00e9sistance aux antifongiques. Par cons\u00e9quent, on ne conna\u00eet ni la charge exacte des maladies fongiques et ni celle de la r\u00e9sistance aux antifongiques, ce qui entrave la riposte.<\/p>\n

Trois cat\u00e9gories prioritaires<\/h2>\n

La\u00a0liste de l\u2019OMS<\/a>\u00a0est divis\u00e9e en trois cat\u00e9gories : priorit\u00e9 critique, priorit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e et priorit\u00e9 moyenne. Les agents pathog\u00e8nes fongiques de chaque cat\u00e9gorie sont ainsi class\u00e9s principalement en fonction de leur impact sur la sant\u00e9 publique et\/ou du risque \u00e9mergent de r\u00e9sistance aux antifongiques. Tout en reconnaissant que ces agents pathog\u00e8nes critiques constituent un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 publique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, l\u2019OMS souligne que la liste doit \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e et contextualis\u00e9e avec soin, car certains agents pathog\u00e8nes end\u00e9miques pourraient \u00eatre plus pr\u00e9occupants dans leur contexte r\u00e9gional ou local.<\/p>\n

Besoin de davantage de donn\u00e9es probantes et domaines d\u2019action prioritaires<\/h2>\n

Les auteurs du rapport insistent sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de disposer de davantage de donn\u00e9es pour \u00e9tayer la riposte \u00e0 cette menace croissante et pour mieux comprendre la charge, tant de la maladie que de la r\u00e9sistance aux antifongiques. Le rapport souligne \u00e9galement l\u2019urgence de mener une action coordonn\u00e9e pour lutter contre l\u2019impact de l\u2019utilisation des antifongiques sur la r\u00e9sistance dans le cadre de l\u2019approche \u00ab\u00a0Une seule sant\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb et appelle \u00e0 \u00e9largir l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable \u00e0 des outils de diagnostic et des traitements de qualit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous avons besoin de davantage de donn\u00e9es et d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments probants sur les infections fongiques et la r\u00e9sistance aux antifongiques afin d\u2019\u00e9clairer et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la riposte \u00e0 ces agents pathog\u00e8nes fongiques prioritaires\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, affirme le Dr. Haileyesus Getahun, Directeur du d\u00e9partement de la coordination mondiale de la r\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens \u00e0 l\u2019OMS.<\/p>\n

Le rapport pr\u00e9sente des strat\u00e9gies \u00e0 l\u2019intention des d\u00e9cideurs politiques, des professionnels de la sant\u00e9 publique et des autres parties prenantes. Ces strat\u00e9gies visent toutes \u00e0 fournir des donn\u00e9es probantes et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la riposte \u00e0 ces agents pathog\u00e8nes fongiques prioritaires, notamment en pr\u00e9venant l\u2019apparition d\u2019une r\u00e9sistance aux m\u00e9dicaments antifongiques. Les principales mesures recommand\u00e9es sont ax\u00e9es sur 1) le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s et de la surveillance des laboratoires\u00a0; 2) le soutien aux investissements dans la recherche, le d\u00e9veloppement et l\u2019innovation et 3) l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des interventions de sant\u00e9 publique en mati\u00e8re de pr\u00e9vention et de lutte.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les pays sont encourag\u00e9s \u00e0 suivre une approche par \u00e9tapes, en commen\u00e7ant par renforcer leurs capacit\u00e9s de laboratoire et de surveillance des maladies fongiques, et en garantissant un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable aux traitements et aux outils de diagnostic de qualit\u00e9 existants, au niveau mondial\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, ajoute le Dr. Haileyesus Getahun.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9sistance aux m\u00e9dicaments antifongiques est en partie due \u00e0 leur utilisation inappropri\u00e9e dans le cadre de l\u2019approche \u00ab\u00a0Une seule sant\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb. Par exemple, le recours abusif aux antifongiques dans l\u2019agriculture est li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation du nombre d\u2019infections \u00e0\u00a0Aspergillus fumigatus\u00a0<\/em>r\u00e9sistant aux antifongiques azol\u00e9s. Le rapport pr\u00e9conise \u00e9galement d\u2019encourager l\u2019OMS \u00e0 collaborer avec les organisations quadripartites et d\u2019autres partenaires afin d\u2019\u00e9tudier l\u2019impact de l\u2019emploi des antifongiques sur la r\u00e9sistance dans le cadre de l\u2019approche \u00ab\u00a0Une seule sant\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

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