{"id":3637,"date":"2022-10-27T07:14:44","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T07:14:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/?p=3637"},"modified":"2022-10-27T07:15:39","modified_gmt":"2022-10-27T07:15:39","slug":"dossier-sante-le-cancer-du-col-de-luterus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afiyafrica.com\/index.php\/actualite\/dossier-sante-le-cancer-du-col-de-luterus\/","title":{"rendered":"Dossier sant\u00e9, le cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>4 Minute, 35 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

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 <\/p>\n

Qu’est ce que le cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus ?<\/h4>\n

Le cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus est le plus fr\u00e9quent en terme de fr\u00e9quence chez la femme en Afrique et repr\u00e9sente la premi\u00e8re cause de mortalit\u00e9 par cancer chez les femmes dans les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n

Selon l’organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9, plus de 266 000 femmes meurent chaque ann\u00e9e d\u2019un cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus, et 87 % de ces d\u00e9c\u00e8s se produisent dans les r\u00e9gions les moins d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es surtout en Afrique.<\/p>\n

Le cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus est une tumeur maligne qui se d\u00e9veloppe au d\u00e9pend des \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus (la partie la plus basse inf\u00e9rieure de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus qui relie l\u2019ut\u00e9rus au vagin).<\/p>\n

La principale cause reconnue du cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus est l’infection par le Papilloma Virus Humain (HPV). Il s’agit d’un virus qui se transmet lors de rapports sexuels non prot\u00e9g\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Deux types de papillomavirus humain (HPV); les types 16 et 18, provoquent pr\u00e8s de 50 % des l\u00e9sions pr\u00e9canc\u00e9reuses de haut grade du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus.<\/p>\n

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Quels sont les facteurs qui favorisent la survenue du cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus ?<\/h4>\n

De nombreux facteurs favorisent la survenue du cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus. Parmi ces facteurs,\u00a0 on retrouve :<\/p>\n

\u2022 Infection au virus du papillome humain (VPH)<\/p>\n

\u2022 Activit\u00e9 sexuelle : pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9 des premiers rapports sexuels ; des partenaires sexuels multiples; des rapports sexuels non prot\u00e9g\u00e9s ;<\/p>\n

\u2022 Tabagisme.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Accouchements multiples. …<\/p>\n

\u2022 Infection au virus de l’immunod\u00e9ficience humaine (VIH)
\n\u2022 …<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Quelles sont les signes du cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus ?<\/h4>\n

A un stade pr\u00e9coce, le cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus est asymptomatique.
\nCependant, en Afrique les patientes viennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en consultation alors que le cancer est \u00e0 un stade avanc\u00e9 ce qui vomplique alors la prise en charge et le pronostic.<\/p>\n

Le premier signe qu’on remarque est\u00a0 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement :<\/p>\n

\u2022 Des m\u00e9trorragies : ce sont des\u00a0 saignements vaginaux anormaux qui surviennent en dehors des r\u00e8gles ;<\/p>\n

Les autres signes du cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus comprennent :
\n\u2022 Des saignements apr\u00e8s la m\u00e9nopause\u00a0;
\n\u2022 Des saignements apr\u00e8s les rapports sexuels\u00a0;
\n\u2022 Douleurs dans le dos, les jambes ou le bassin\u00a0;
\n\u2022 Pertes vaginales malodorantes (leucorrh\u00e9es f\u00e9tides)
\n\u2022 Douleurs pelviennes (dans le bas ventre)<\/p>\n

Comment peut-on confirmer le cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus ?<\/h4>\n

Devant des signes suspects et apr\u00e8s un examen clinique complet, les m\u00e9decins commence la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de confirmation par un examen clinique appel\u00e9 IVA\/IVL. C’est l’inspection visuelle du col ut\u00e9rin apr\u00e8s application d’acide ac\u00e9tique et de lugol. C’est un excellent moyen de d\u00e9pistage des l\u00e9sions pr\u00e9canc\u00e9reuses du col.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s cet examen, si des l\u00e9sions suspectes sont remarqu\u00e9es, un frottis (pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement du col de l’ut\u00e9rus \u00e0 l’aide d’un \u00e9couvillon) sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9 pour analyse anatomopathologique.<\/p>\n

L’examen anatomopathologique est le seul examen de confirmation d’un cancer.Outre la confirmation du cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus cet examen permet d’en d\u00e9terminer le type.<\/p>\n

En cas de cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus,\u00a0 des examens d’imagerie m\u00e9dicale seront r\u00e9alis\u00e9s pour d\u00e9terminer le stade du cancer. Ce sont la Tomodensitom\u00e9trie (TDM)\u00a0 encore appel\u00e9 le scanner et l’imagerie par Raisonnance Magn\u00e9tique (IRM).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Quels sont les moyens pour pr\u00e9venir le cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus ?<\/h4>\n

La lutte contre le cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus de mani\u00e8re globale, se fait par une pr\u00e9vention primaire (vaccination contre le PVH), une pr\u00e9vention secondaire (d\u00e9pistage et traitement des l\u00e9sions pr\u00e9canc\u00e9reuses),et une pr\u00e9vention tertiaire (diagnostic et traitement du cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus invasif).<\/p>\n

Le\u00a0vaccin contre le VPH, administr\u00e9 \u00e0 un jeune \u00e2ge, peut pr\u00e9venir le cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Le vaccin est administr\u00e9 en 2 ou 3 doses, selon l\u2019\u00e2ge de l\u2019enfant lors de la premi\u00e8re injection<\/p>\n

\u2022 Les recommandations exigent que tous les gar\u00e7ons et les filles re\u00e7oivent le vaccin \u00e0 11 ou 12 ans avant tout contact sexuel.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9pistage et le traitement des l\u00e9sions pr\u00e9canc\u00e9reuses repr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement un excellent moyen de pr\u00e9vention des cas graves de cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus.<\/p>\n

\u2022 A partir de 21 ans, frottis et d\u00e9pistage du Papilloma Virus Humain tous les 3 ans si les examens \u00e9taient normaux jusqu\u2019\u00e0 65 ans,<\/p>\n

\u2022 Les femmes ayant des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus ou un r\u00e9sultat de frottis anormal doivent faire l\u2019objet d\u2019un frottis une fois par an<\/p>\n

Quels sont les traitements disponibles contre le cancer du col de l’ut\u00e9rus ?<\/h4>\n

D\u00e8s que le diagnostic est pos\u00e9, le cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus est l\u2019une des formes de cancer qui se traite le mieux s\u2019il est d\u00e9tect\u00e9 suffisamment t\u00f4t et pris en charge de mani\u00e8re efficace. Les cancers diagnostiqu\u00e9s \u00e0 un stade avanc\u00e9 peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre ma\u00eetris\u00e9s avec un traitement appropri\u00e9 et des soins palliatifs.<\/p>\n

Le traitement du cancer du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus repose sur:
\nLa chirurgie
\nLa chimioth\u00e9rapie
\nLa radioth\u00e9rapie<\/p>\n

A un stade pr\u00e9coce lorsque le cancer est limit\u00e9 \u00e0 la surface du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus il peut \u00eatre retir\u00e9 par chirurgie. Les m\u00e9decins ont seulement besoin de retirer une partie du col de l\u2019ut\u00e9rus (pas le col ou l\u2019ut\u00e9rus entiers) ce qui n\u2019a d\u2019impact sur la fertilit\u00e9 mais n\u00e9cessite pour les accouchements la c\u00e9sarienne.<\/p>\n

A un stade avanc\u00e9\u00a0lorsque le cancer s’est propag\u00e9 \u00e0 l’ut\u00e9rus sans le d\u00e9bord\u00e9 il peut \u00eatre trait\u00e9 par une hyst\u00e9rectomie emp\u00eache toute grossesse.<\/p>\n

Si le cancer s\u2019est propag\u00e9 aux organes voisins,\u00a0 une radioth\u00e9rapie et une chimioth\u00e9rapie sont administr\u00e9es.
\nApr\u00e8s la radioth\u00e9rapie et la chimioth\u00e9rapie, il arrive qu\u2019ils pratiquent une intervention pour retirer les tumeurs restantes.<\/p>\n

Source : www.who.int<\/p>\n

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